The Curve Clock
How much quantum computer it takes to break one 256-bit elliptic-curve key, the kind that protects every Bitcoin and Solana wallet. Each entry links to its source.
Toffoli gates needed, over time
Log scale. Each point is a published estimate for a 256-bit curve; green lines mark hardware milestones.
A lower count means a smaller future machine could do it. None of these machines exist today; the largest error-corrected demonstrations are still far below a thousand logical qubits. Entries are added when a paper is published and are anchored on Solana like every other lab record.